Children may have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds clearly, making speech harder to understand.

May have trouble understanding what others say (receptive) or expressing their own thoughts, ideas, and feelings (expressive).

Challenges with pitch, tone, volume, or how sound travels through the throat, nose, and mouth.

Difficulty speaking smoothly, with a steady pace and rhythm.

Concerns with strength, coordination, movement, or endurance of the lips, cheeks, tongue, and jaw—affecting speech and/or feeding.

Struggles with reading, writing, and spelling skills.

Difficulty using language in social situations—such as taking turns in conversation, staying on topic, and understanding conversational rules.

Challenges with memory, attention, problem-solving, organization, and executive functioning.